Organization

Open Access Article

1 - Effective Factors in Organizational Agility
Milad Aghaee Reza Aghaei

In the current century, agility is one of the critical and functional concepts for organizations in which act in an active and dynamic environment and face threats to which lack of quick response makes organizations far from survival and operation. So, this aims to cons More

In the current century, agility is one of the critical and functional concepts for organizations in which act in an active and dynamic environment and face threats to which lack of quick response makes organizations far from survival and operation. So, this aims to consider effective factors on agility and agileness of organizations and to present a theorical and conceptual structure. According to its goal,This is a fundamental research. This research, using the current resources, aims to develop existing knowledge of agility principles and laws and to present a theorical basis for organizational agility (or agileness of organizations ). The results showed that effective factors on organizational agility based on studying agility models and articles encompass 42 factors. The factors based on previous studies and Pareto principle are as bellow: consistency to change, cost effectiveness, flexibility, IT infrastructure, quick delivery, virtual organization and empowered and multi-skill employees. These factors have the most frequent between other factors. Future researches can deal with classification of these factors and to test them in organization environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Innovation
Hasan Dehghani

Today, organizations are in a dynamic and competitive environment and increasingly need for bolstering up their innovation capabilities by attention to valuable knowledge and power ofcreation and use of it. Knowledge management is very important in any organization, bec More

Today, organizations are in a dynamic and competitive environment and increasingly need for bolstering up their innovation capabilities by attention to valuable knowledge and power ofcreation and use of it. Knowledge management is very important in any organization, because organizational innovation does not evolve without dynamic and collaborative knowledge management. Traditional knowledge management systems have been trying to capture formal explicit knowledge management. They could not be successfull in unlocking tacit (implicit) knowledge in the minds of employees. Today, knowledge management 2.0 is based on web 2.0 with enphasis on socialization, collaboration and interaction between people. It tries to capture the largest and most valuable distributed database in any organization, implicit knowledge that is stored in the mind of employees. Each organization which is based on knowledge management 2.0 and social capital, is called an organization 2.0 (enterprise 2.0). It obliterates official controlling and hierarchical order and focuses on socialization and collaboration of mass employees for organizational innovation through social networks. This paper tries to introduce implications of web 2.0 on organizational transforming arising by creation of knowledge management 2.0 in organization 2.0. It assists managers in understanding the leverage roll of social knowledge for development of organizational innovation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Explaining Organizational Ambidexterity As a New Concept in the Management of Knowledge Based Organizations
Mahmod Moradi Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary Yaughob Mambini

Organizational ambidexterity as a new managerial construct has been proposed in recent years. This concept is entering into the field of technology, innovation, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, organizational design and strategy. Ambidexterity is viewed as a t More

Organizational ambidexterity as a new managerial construct has been proposed in recent years. This concept is entering into the field of technology, innovation, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, organizational design and strategy. Ambidexterity is viewed as a tool to gain sustainable competitive advantage, business performance and firm survival. It can be achieved through organizations’ endeavor to exploit and explore available opportunities. Many companies have comprised the view that to function effectively in today’s economy, it is indispensable to become a knowledge-based organization. The Knowledge Based Organizations created in order to synergistically exploit science and wealth, develop knowledge based economy and strongly depend on innovation as a source of the competitive advantage. In this article, by systematically reviewing related literature, we have tried to illuminate the notion of ambidexterity. Structures and forms of organization ambidexterity in knowledge based organizations were revised and its role to improve the performance of knowledge based organizations has been clarified. Paper suggested that knowledge based organization through ambidexterity in management, structure and process could guarantee its survival in today’s dynamic environment. In the paper, organizational ambidexterity definition in explained. Furthermore, the necessary that knowledge based organization must pass on toward ambidexterity in explained. The sequential ambidexterity, structural ambidexterity and contextual ambidexterity as foremost typologies for ambidexterity is discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Structural Modeling of Dimensions of Technology Management Activities and Organizational Effectiveness
Reza Ansari aliakbar aubedi javad Shahmohammadi

10.7508/jstpi.2015.01.008

Organizational effectiveness is crucial for the success of any economy and in order to increase achievement and retention of business results, organizations need to implement strategies that guarantee the success. Technology capabilities in terms of technology managemen More

Organizational effectiveness is crucial for the success of any economy and in order to increase achievement and retention of business results, organizations need to implement strategies that guarantee the success. Technology capabilities in terms of technology management activities, including strategies that can guarantee the success and also, the purpose of this study which investigated the effect of TMA on organizational effectiveness is a structural equation modeling approach. The research is applied and the method of data collection is descriptive-survey. In order to test the research model, a researcher made questionnaire was used and reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be as %83. The population samples were chosen from managers and supervisors in Isfahan Oil Refining Company in 2013. The results showed that the TMA such as technology identification, acquisition, exploitation, protection and selection have a significant and positive effect on organizational effectiveness, while no significant effect was obtained for technology learning on organizational effectiveness. Therefore, in this study TMA usage is recommended as stimulus the advancement and competitiveness of enterprises in the global arena. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigation of the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) in Iran’s Innovation System: Case Study: the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)
Reza Ansari Hamidreza Tayebi

National innovation system (NIS) as a system approach to innovation is composed of institutions that interact with each other for creation, dissemination and application of new knowledge commercially, acting within the boundaries of a country. One of these institutions More

National innovation system (NIS) as a system approach to innovation is composed of institutions that interact with each other for creation, dissemination and application of new knowledge commercially, acting within the boundaries of a country. One of these institutions is research and technology organizations (RTOs). In most countries, such organizations exist independently and non-corporate. In the innovation system, the role of intermediaries (especially RTOs) in the innovation process is an important element of successful innovation. RTOs in developing countries are, therefore, important actors in NIS, since they contribute significantly in the intensive learning process, which enabled these countries to successfully catch up with developed ones and, subsequently, shape their economy into a Knowledge Based Economy. The most prominent of such organizations in the innovation system of Iran, is the academic center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR). This article reviews and explains the research and technology organizations in the National Innovation System and studies ACECR as an example. Also, this article reviews reasons of formation for, distinguishing features, functions and domains of activity and position of research and technology organizations in National innovation system. Furthermore, the position of ACECR is explained as a Research and Technology Organization in Iran’s innovation system and finally some recommendations related to the role of ACECR in the innovation system of Iran and it’s domains of activity are made. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Enhancing Transfer Capacity and Capability of Commercializing Technological Achievements of Research and Technology Organizations by Establishing Business Development Centers
Reza Bandarian

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technol More

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technology development and commercialization. To move in this way successfully, the balanced and consistent "scientific-technical" as well as "commercial movement of technological ideas is required. One of the best patterns to balance the commercial evolution with the "scientific-technical" path, which are seen in successful and leading RTOs around the world is establishing "technological business development center". The mission of business development centers in RTOs is to implement the commercialization requirements in the process of technology development and provide consultancy and technical, economic and commercial assistance, regarding their technological achievements to those currently entering the commercialization phase. These services include the fundamental principles of business development based on their technological achievements of their organization and for their potential and current customers. This article first points out the necessity and importance of the technological business development center in RTOs and then presents the definition and functions of those centers in RTOs. Finally ends with conclusion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Comparative Study of the Effect of Innovation on Income Inequality
Abolfazll Shahabadi Sara Sarygol

In recent decades, the reduction of income inequality should be considered as the strategy of the major objectives of economic and social development and even the government. Therefore, analysis of income distribution and distributional effects of policies in order to i More

In recent decades, the reduction of income inequality should be considered as the strategy of the major objectives of economic and social development and even the government. Therefore, analysis of income distribution and distributional effects of policies in order to increase economic growth has gained importance. On the other hand, the ability to achieve creative innovation using human resources as the first step is to convert knowledge into wealth. So, considering the critical importance of innovation in modern economies, the present study investigated the role of innovation on income inequality of OPEC countries and selected the OECD developed countries during the period 1995-2009. The results suggest that the status of OPEC countries compared to OECD countries in both the Gini index as well as innovation is weak and undesirable, due to the lack of coordination between macro-economic policies from one side and research and educational policies form other side. Also based on the results, most countries with better support for innovative activities have shown better income distribution. Thus, the movement of countries with economy and capital resources oriention towards knowledge-based economy, innovative activities support and reduce income inequality are essential orientations for macro-economic policies along with research and educational policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Organizational Commitment in Knowledge base Startup Companies: the Team Coherence and Business Survival Factor in the Competitive Environment
Mehrdad Shafiei

Turn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the m More

Turn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the most important. The quality of this investment is more, probability of survival, success, and promotion of the business will more. In today's highly competitive and changing environment, creative and innovative human resource can help to achieve a competitive advantage. Organizations need to become learning and dynamic organizations. So their employees can develop the ability to adapt to changes in competition fields. Commitment, in brief is a person's inner feelings and attitudes towards the organization that influences on performance, judgment and loyalty towards the organization. As a result of continuous study and research on the factors of organizational commitment essential ingredients, managers can reconstruct, rehabilitate and restore of positive behaviors and organizational commitment or modify or eliminate damaging parts of this phenomenon.One of the concepts that can be used for analysis of entrepreneur team durability and the business survival is organizational commitment. In this article we attempt to discussed about the role of organizational commitment in possibility of work team integrity in the early stages of forming a business, based on a comparative study and by combining the concepts of organizational commitment and human resources in startup businesses.The purpose of this paper is to establish a correspondence between the importance of human resources in start-ups and their role in business survival and functions of organizational commitment in fulfilling these requirements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Exploring the Impact of Creativity and Innovation Management, and Technology Scouting on Organizations in Turbulent Environment for Long-term Survival
Saeed Samadi

20.1001.1.17355486.1391.8.31.4.7

Large and small companies are faced with a significant environmental complexity and turbulent business world. The world is changing at an unprecedented rate due to technological advances. For most businesses, the ability to monitor, identify, and master critical technol More

Large and small companies are faced with a significant environmental complexity and turbulent business world. The world is changing at an unprecedented rate due to technological advances. For most businesses, the ability to monitor, identify, and master critical technological skills and technologies is important .In times of economic downturn, technology and innovation can be potent sources of growth as long as the investment and talent are there to drive them. Innovation, creativity and technology are enablers of economic advancement. In this paper, the importance of Innovation, Creativity management and Technology Scouting for organizations in a turbulent environment is explored and it is shown that the winners will be those that react to the crisis by further embracing technology and innovation to find ways to become more productive and competitive. It is shown that sometimes it is better for an organization to put another part of itself out of business rather than have the competition destroy the whole business. Innovation is a team effort and successfully managing innovation teams is an art. The first step toward innovation is the openness of an organization to new ideas and concepts. It is mentioned that managers cannot order creativity; managers can only provide an environment where creativity grows well. An important step is to establish an organizational culture that fosters creativity. As one of the biggest obstacles to fostering innovation and creativity is uptight and rigid people, the paper emphasizes on organizational openness to new ideas and concepts and discusses the ways to achieve this goal with a view to past experiments. Technology scouting is another important factor that can serve as an early warning system. The early detection of new technologies allows an organization time to prepare for or even acquire these technologies before they have a negative business impact on the firm. However, it is important that the process is performed in the right way to guarantee the best possible extent of technology surveillance occurs. In this paper, it is explained that organizations must keep a keen focus on technological areas that could affect the business environment. Overall, it is concluded that for organizations in a turbulent environment, developing an environment that fosters creativity and innovation is an important step in assuring long-term survival. To fail to do so can mean the death of an organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Explaining Analytical Structure of Strategy in Research and Technology Organizations
Mahdi Bandariyan

Reviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulat More

Reviewing the literature of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), and the studying the reasons of ineffectiveness of those organizations in carryout their role and mission shows that, most of the time they haven’t definitive strategy or their strategies formulated and executed based on incompatible models. In other side, many managers of RTOs are familiar with strategic management approach, but each has its own interpretation of that concept. Accordingly, the raised issue is what is the interpretation of strategy in RTOs? The study’s purpose is to explore the analytical concept of strategy in RTOs, to generate a frame that facilitates the process of strategic management in RTOs. Generally, organizational strategy determines the future direction and draws how the organization wants to achieve it. This study explains the analytical structure of strategy in RTOs and finally concluded that strategy in RTOs is begin by recognizing a technological opportunity based on industry challenges and by achieving that technological competencies which are correspond to those challenges within the budgeted time and money, the strategy achieved successfully. In analytical structure of strategy in Research and Technology Organizations after determining the required technological competencies and the different technological solutions to achieve each of them, the way to achieve any of its technological solutions to be studied. The range options to achieve a technological solution are form technology transfer of foreign sources to internal development in RTOs. Between those two end points, there are different pattern of technological cooperation and partnership to developing a targeted technology, which some of them are strategic alliance, strategic partnership and joint venture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Managing Innovation with Corporate Approach; A Comparative Analysis of Japanese and Korean Firms
Jafar Bagheri Nejad fahime sadaat Hoseini baharnarenji

Innovation is the capability of identifying opportunities and using their advantages. These opportunities are not just opening new markets but include the innovative processes and ways for existing markets. Actually, innovation is not just production of goods, and examp More

Innovation is the capability of identifying opportunities and using their advantages. These opportunities are not just opening new markets but include the innovative processes and ways for existing markets. Actually, innovation is not just production of goods, and examples of innovation can be seen in the service sector and public and private sectors. Innovation intrinsically is a risky project and even developed firms cannot accept infinite risks. In fact, the question is not that if innovation should be done or not, but rather how this innovation can be successful and which feedback could be gained from its success and failure and reaching a pattern that can be applied in future activities. Always the main question has been "whether or not we can control and manage what is known as innovation". At first glance, it might seem that managing innovation is impossible and a complex process. But we believe that despite the uncertain and apparently random-nature of the innovation, it is possible to find an underlying pattern of success. Innovation is a "management" issue because there are decisions to be made about resources, disposition, composition and coordination among them. In this paper after expressing concepts of innovation and managing innovation, a conceptual model and its usage structure is presented in order to concentrate on key aspects of managing innovation. Next, creation and maintenance of an innovative organizational context will be discussed and finally a comparative analysis of managing innovation between Japanese and Korean firms will be reflected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Corporate Entrepreneurship; a Solution for Commercialization of Technological Research Findings in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, indust More

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to commercialization process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological findings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Policy Making for R&D Centers According to Idea to Market Process; Case Study Iran Petroleum Industry
Seyed mahameddin Tabatabaei

Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except More

Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except corporate R&D, also independent research and development organizations has been established in many countries to promote scientific and technological capabilities. Each of these two types of research and development organizations has a special mission then policy making for them requires a particular process. The aim of this paper is to policy making for research and development organizations according to idea to market process. For this purpose, first, the elements of idea to market process and then the types of research and development organizations, including corporate and non corporate were described. Then different types of structures of corporate R&D ( in large organization ) will be defined and policies for the duties and nature of their activities in centralized and decentralized sectors of corporate R&D (in hybrid R&D structures) based on the elements of the idea to market process are discussed. Next, the proposed principles for the oil industry as the country's largest industry, which has several research and development departments as a case study, have been applied and finally suggestions for improving research and development in the petroleum industry are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Labor Investors Standard; Take a Step toward Human Resource Development within the Progressive Organizations
Mausomeh Dastani

Nowadays, with remarkable increasing of technology aspects, human resources are mentioned as most important organizational assets. The importance of human resource development and and the effect of on right HR management can improve the organization performance and caus More

Nowadays, with remarkable increasing of technology aspects, human resources are mentioned as most important organizational assets. The importance of human resource development and and the effect of on right HR management can improve the organization performance and cause the appearance of different concepts and approaches for increasing human resource performance. Improving the performance of the organization requires a pre-defined standard framework. This framework delivered to such organization by Investors in People Standard (IIPS) and gives this chance to the organizations in order to make an infrastructure and suitable environment which will result in developing human resources and improving organization performance. This standard was the first standard for developing human resource which has been edited via the excellence organizations in 1990. The above mentioned standards are useful tools for progressive organizations and corporations. It can cause human resource development by implementing optimal business management leading to organizations action reforms, and finally realizing organization goals and increasing its competitive ability. This article aims to present concepts and analyzed-common standard framework and advantages and positive results held by this standard in business and competitive advantages in the excellence organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - ctual Capital as the Connecting Point of the Government, University and the Industry; A Case Study of the Knowledge Balance in the University
marziyeh Baeid far

This paper focuses on the important issues of the Intellectual Capital, which plays crucial role on the predisposition and establishment of the societies and organizations based on the knowledge and at the same time it considered as the product of the society and Knowle More

This paper focuses on the important issues of the Intellectual Capital, which plays crucial role on the predisposition and establishment of the societies and organizations based on the knowledge and at the same time it considered as the product of the society and Knowledge base organizations. This capital or asset is under consideration at the society level, government, industry and university alike, and their integration constitute the countrys Intangible or Intellectual Assets. In this paper, considering the key role of the University on establishing society or organization based on the knowledge, the technology of establishing and evaluating this kind of the capital will be investigated in the University. The paper also introduces some of the peculiarities of the Knowledge Society and characteristics of Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Benchmarking based on Knowledge Patterns by Creating and Implementing the Knowledge System
Mohammadreza Hamidi zadeh

How to reach to organizational knowledge activities diagnoses is the main step to utilize the value sources engineering organizational knowledge assets. I have this objective, by emphasis benchmarking approach around nineteen Intl significant firms. These firms analyzed More

How to reach to organizational knowledge activities diagnoses is the main step to utilize the value sources engineering organizational knowledge assets. I have this objective, by emphasis benchmarking approach around nineteen Intl significant firms. These firms analyzed on the field of organizational knowledge explanation. Knowledge management based organizational knowledge created and developed knowledge approaches during 1384. The other objective extended that successes patterns and its mechanisms where are and how we can use them. To increase key knowledge competencies, organization should to pay more attention to knowledge sources and assets until diagnosis future opportunities and take pass threats, transfer them to new opportunities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Privatization of Incubators; Necessities and Challenges
Alireza Faraji

The most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shap More

The most important incubators mission is to provide proper basis for establishment, growth and development of new technological private enterprises and to give financial and moral supports to make them successful. Since initial structure of these new enterprises is shaped inside the incubator, financial and moral structure of them is affected with incubator. Verifying this subject with interest to relations between incubator and determinate new units; requirement of incubator to have independence financial resources and to create basis for its own growth and development and experience of successful-abroad-incubators, shows that applyment of private management in state incubators is a favorite strategy to solve a lot of problems; an available and good pattern for determinate units and an optimal structure for incubators management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Knowledge Management,Culture, and Higher Education
Mohammadali Neumati

This article has been prepared in an attempt to introduce the reader implication of knowledge management and culture of knowledge in the process of higher education development. It consists of three parts. The first part is designed to give the reader an analytical and More

This article has been prepared in an attempt to introduce the reader implication of knowledge management and culture of knowledge in the process of higher education development. It consists of three parts. The first part is designed to give the reader an analytical and historical insight into the major challenge in knowledge management involves organizational culture of knowledge sharing.The second part, the main body of the article, devoted to explored the importance of creation, development management of this strategic and its implication at universities and higher education institutions. In the final part, the role of information technology, human resource, and methodes in the process of knowledge management will be discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Contract Research Model Nonoccurrence with the Research and Technology Organizations Mission in Technology Development
Reza Bandarian

10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.001

Due to the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) lack of relation with industry and their tendency to do activities more closer to the universities, which had led to their inefficiency in carrying out their primary mission, since thirty years ago, governments in More

Due to the Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) lack of relation with industry and their tendency to do activities more closer to the universities, which had led to their inefficiency in carrying out their primary mission, since thirty years ago, governments in many countries by cuts the RTOs governmental budget have directed them to financing through industry research budgets, and in some cases, through cut the state budgets, the RTOs were forced to acquiring income (in order to self-sufficiency). Accordingly, another type of research organizations as Contract Research Organizations (CRO) was formed. In this paper, in order to answer the question of whether a contract research model is consistent with the RTOs mission in technology development or not. First, the issue had reviewed historically and then the process of contract research and independent research and their characteristics were investigated and based on that the conclusions and recommendations are offered. The results shows that carrying out the technology development research by the RTOs in the form of a contract research between the industry firms and the RTOs, due to conflict with the requirements of technology development and working conditions of the RTOs is not a good choice and independent research approach is recommended as the most suitable method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - A Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Tendency and Organizational Performance (Case Study: Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought
Mojtaba Nahid ali davari Firouzeh Sajednia

10.7508/jstpi.2017.01.003

20.1001.1.17355486.1395.13.49.5.5

One of the most important concerns which have coerced organizations to illustrate tendency toward entrepreneurial activities is survival and growth. This is, thus, to assert that time is ripe for investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial behavior and perfo More

One of the most important concerns which have coerced organizations to illustrate tendency toward entrepreneurial activities is survival and growth. This is, thus, to assert that time is ripe for investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial behavior and performance. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial orientations and organizational performance of the Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought in 2013. To do so, descriptive and correlative research methodologies were used to examine the relationships among these variables. Statistical population of this study contains a number of university staffs at different managerial levels, members of Faculty Board, and experts, who are estimated to constitute 110 persons from the total number of 320. Pearson correlation and multivariable regression methods were used to analyze data. Moreover, Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to affirm the model. Results show that there is a positive and direct relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. In addition, there is indirect relationship among innovation, leadership, risk-taking, and aggressive competition as aspects of entrepreneurial orientation, on the one hand, and organizational performance, on the other. However, there was no relationship between independence and organizational performance. Therefore, development of attitude and attention to entrepreneurial orientation in an organization can be effective in elevating organizational performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Assessment of Knowledge and Ability of Knowledge Workers in Knowledge Based Organizations using Shannon Human Potential Model
Abass Afrazeh Mohammad Alimoradi Sajad Golmohamadi

10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.001

Creativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organiza More

Creativity appearance in organizations surprisingly affects in successful solving of problems, their survival, and reaching to desirable point of competitiveness and industrial productivity. In one side industrial organizations with decentralizing approach from organizational structure in the form of giving authority from managers to lower levels are going to reach to economical efficiency, creativity and finally to a higher productivity. In this article looking at Hanson Theory about decentralizing strategies, we have identified equifinality (using different technologies, methods, and resources for reaching to a creatively predetermined and great result) as a loosely strategies of decentralization. Considering researches have been done in a context of creativity and equifinality as a Decentralized Management Approach, we can see lots of researchers referred to the importance necessity of this phenomenon as a one of open system characteristics to intensify creativity, competitiveness’ prosperity, and productivity. But a comprehensive research has not been observed in related with correlation of creativity and equifinality in industrial organizations’ subject in a special case. In this research with using content Analysis method, a new category of equifinality usages in organization that causes creativity results, have been attempted to represent by surveying the past studies in relation with “decentralized management and equifinality” and “equifinality and creativity”. With revision and surveying the theories of different researchers in relation with the subject of decentralized management, equifinality and creativity, research's result subdivided in two dimensions accompanied with its components namely “equifinality and work process”, and “equifinality and structure”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Developing a Conceptual Model of Strategic Agility in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.002

Research and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid tec More

Research and technology management requires a more comprehensive holistic approach in order to achieve coordinated strategies. New approaches should force Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) to proactive response to changes in the environment with the rapid technological changes. RTOs by development of proactive features on their interior can achieve to a special ability called "strategic agility". Strategic agility is the ability to reform, renovate and renewal the organization, business model and strategies to cope with environmental changes. In this paper, in order to develop a comprehensive framework to achieve strategic agility in RTOs, first, all of the previous research in the field of strategic agility in the last few years have been reviewed and then adapt and adjust to the nature, characteristics and requirements of RTOs, finally the seven dimensions (key factors) and thirty one index for strategic agility in RTOs extracted and has been defined. The seven key factors are strategic sensitivity, clear vision, selecting strategic technological knowledge goals, identifying key capabilities, seizing and exploitation, continuous technological innovation and being proactive. This model is based on the combination of both internal and external organizational approach, and provides the basis for the assessment of strategic agility in RTOs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Identify Indicators for Evaluating the Performance of Corporate Entrepreneurship
Saeed Safari Reza Abbasi Mozhgan Soltani Aliabad

10.7508/jstpi.2016.02.008

Today, in different countries, paying particular attention to entrepreneurship and foster entrepreneurship, and create a favorable environment for its development, Considered to be as a particularly tool for economic development in developing countries. The need of orga More

Today, in different countries, paying particular attention to entrepreneurship and foster entrepreneurship, and create a favorable environment for its development, Considered to be as a particularly tool for economic development in developing countries. The need of organizations to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has been led to the creation of a certain territory of this concept that is called organizational entrepreneurship. As far as organizational entrepreneurship are transformed to one of the strategic approaches in organizations, to achieve high performance and great success. Choose this approach is effective for organizations when we can evaluate the results and provide organizational goals with proper management. So, having appropriate indicators to be used for the assessment of organizational entrepreneurship is very important. Therefore, this study seeks to identify appropriate indicators to evaluate the performance organizational entrepreneurship. For this purpose, after reviewing research literature, were extracted performance evaluation indicators, and with the help of the framework of EFQM Excellence Model, were classified in 9 categories. After refining the extracted indicators and removal of repetitive indicators, the 63 index that had remained, to determining the most important indicators, was placed in the hands of experts in the format of a questionnaire and Finally, by analyzing data obtained, were identified appropriate indicators to evaluate the performance. Results of present study, presented 29 indicators in nine criteria of: Leadership, Strategy, Employee, Partnerships and Resources, Processes, Products and Services, Customer Results, Employee Results, Society Results and Key Results; as the appropriate indicators to evaluating the performance of organizational entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Effective Factors for Iran's Proper Entry into the World Trade Organization
Hamid Hanifi

10.7508/jstpi.2018.01.007

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.14.53.2.7

Joining to the World Trade Organization is one of the dimensions of globalization and will improve free trade. In order to prevent the abuse of this free trade, additional laws and agreements should be attached to the WTO rules. One of them is the TRIPS Agreement that i More

Joining to the World Trade Organization is one of the dimensions of globalization and will improve free trade. In order to prevent the abuse of this free trade, additional laws and agreements should be attached to the WTO rules. One of them is the TRIPS Agreement that is about the Intellectual Property Rights. Intellectual property rights consist of rights derived from intellectual creativity in the fields of science, industry, literature, art that arise from the knowledge and art or creativity of the creator. But, the laws of the WTO and intellectual property rights, despite their advantages, also have deficiencies. Considering that Iran is a member of the World Trade Organization's viewer, and in the near future or later will become as a final and definite member, therefore, during this time, it is necessary to provide the preliminaries of attendance. Thus, in this paper, some factors have been extracted that are effective in preparing for Iran's presence in the World Trade Organization. To do this, first, articles about the Intellectual Property Rights and also World Trade Organization were extracted and then, related articles were separated and analyzed with these two titles. In the next stage, considering the analysis of the selected articles reviewed, and having a relationship between some variables together, and their combination with expert's opinions, some important factors of these two items were categorized. Finally, Whereas these factors were considered as effective factors in the World Trade Organization and Intellectual Property Rights, some suggestions were made about them that strengthened these factors, which ultimately leads to readiness before entering the World Trade Organization. These factors were classified into two groups: 1) The factor of intellectual property rights whose sub-factors are: a) Motivational Factors, b) Connections Factors, c) Intellectual Property Rights Factors, d) Technology Transfer Factors, e) Market Factors, f) Public Interest Factors, g) Factors related to the Human Rights interactions with the Intellectual Property Rights. 2) The World Trade Organization whose sub-factors are: a) Infrastructural Factors, b) Regulatory Factors, c) Factors related to the Internal Challenges, d) Imitative Factors, e) Incentive Factors, f) Pre-reform Factors, g) Legal Factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Organizational Awareness and Effectiveness Index in Knowledge Driven Organizations
Gholamreza Malekzadeh Mohhamad Amin Malekzadeh

10.7508/jstpi.2018.01.001

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.14.53.4.9

Nowadays Knowledge-based and Knowledge-driven enterprises are assumed important organizations for moving toward knowledge-based economy. But knowledge-driven organizations are facing multiple crises in job/work design, reengineering process, organizing activities to inc More

Nowadays Knowledge-based and Knowledge-driven enterprises are assumed important organizations for moving toward knowledge-based economy. But knowledge-driven organizations are facing multiple crises in job/work design, reengineering process, organizing activities to increase efficiency. The one that stands out and greatly affects the organization is the maximum amount of work that an organization is capable to complete in a given period. Managers want to know how they can improve productivity in an organization. To do this without the slightest fault, organizations must have mechanisms to help increase their level of awareness. One of those mechanisms involves finding indicators to assess the organizational effectiveness in a strategic way. One of these indicators is organizational awareness that can help to increase revenue and profitability by establishing competitive advantage. Organizational Awareness includes the ability to identify who the real decision‐makers are and the individuals who can influence them, and to predict how new events will affect individuals and groups within the organization. This paper aims to introduce a method to assess effectiveness and organizational efficiency as a tool for achieving organizational awareness. The most important methods to evaluate effectiveness is called Global Organizational Effectiveness Index Subsystem (GOEIS). GOEIS can be used to compare execution to planning, in some defined areas, to verify if the proposed objectives of the organization are being met or not. This effectiveness index is suitable to improve management and performance while increasing effectiveness and organizational awareness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Ranking General Commodities Suppliers Based on Agility and Core Values Indexes In a Service Organization
morteza jabale Hossein Ali Hassan pour Masoud Mosaddegh khah

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.007

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.15.57.1.1

Nowadays, the use of supply chain issues and related management play a key role in service organizations. But an organization, is capable of comete the others by not only having Competitive and powerful elements, but also having agility and valuable features. Attending More

Nowadays, the use of supply chain issues and related management play a key role in service organizations. But an organization, is capable of comete the others by not only having Competitive and powerful elements, but also having agility and valuable features. Attending to the agility criteria and improving Institutional Relations based on the organizational value system in required for any service organization and also a part of the necessity of this research. In this article a multi- criteria decision- marking model is used to rank General Commodities Suppliers Based on agility and core values. In this context, after reviewing literature, criteria’s “sensitivity and responsiveness to market, keeping and treasury, saving, serving, accuracy, care and self-control and justice” were identified. Result analysis shows that saving and care and self-control are the most effective values in selecting General Commodities Suppliers. After that Criteria’s “servant, justice, accuracy, sensitivity and responsiveness to market and keeping and treasury” were next in ranks, then by doing fieldwork appropriate weights for General Commodities Suppliers are reckoned and Based on that Superior supplier was chosen. Finally lashe and Cronbach’s alpha formula is used to prove the validity and reliability of this research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Criminal Entrepreneurial Behavior: Literature Review
Mojtaba Nahid Roghayeh izadi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.03.005

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.51.7.5

Entrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illu More

Entrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illustrates the dark sides of the construct. This conceptual research paper applies entrepreneurship literature to generate new insights into entrepreneurship in organized crime and entrepreneurs in criminal organizations. Criminal entrepreneurship is found in organized crime, where criminal entrepreneurs choose to organize a criminal business enterprise in order to exploit illegal market opportunities. Entrepreneurial opportunities can be exploited in a variety of ways, depending on strategy and available resources. As organised crime is growing locally as well as globally, law enforcement agencies need to develop their understanding of strategic criminal entrepreneurship. Based on perspectives in this paper, the dark side of Entrepreneurship needs to be further explored within both the legitimate and illegitimate business sector in the local as well as global perspective in future research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Providing a Conceptual Framework for Product Co-Development in Knowledge Based Organizations Based on Open Innovation and Environmental Dynamics
Neda Jafari Pastaki Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary Mohsen Akbari

10.7508/jstpi.2018.01.002

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.14.53.7.2

Today, knowledge based organization are identified as economic development tools and given that, in current market, firms face turbulent operational environment, this will force firm to think about new product development. Knowledge based organization required to receiv More

Today, knowledge based organization are identified as economic development tools and given that, in current market, firms face turbulent operational environment, this will force firm to think about new product development. Knowledge based organization required to receive new idea and knowledge to produce product and service according to market, because their nature based of innovation and knowledge. So this firms rely to open innovation and building collaboration network with external partners in order to access new knowledge and technologies. One possible way to obtaining new knowledge in R&D activities, is open relationship and establish collaboration. Collaboration help to access external complementary resource, reduce innovation costs and risk, adapt to dynamic environment and generate higher revenues. One of factor that can be effective in co-development to obtain complementary idea and knowledge, is open innovation in the organization, which, by creating external technology acquisition and exploitation capabilities, help to developing and innovation products. Open innovation and co-development are two important concepts in management and knowledge based organizations literature and environmental dynamism can be perform important role in relationship between them. Thus, knowledge based organization that rely on knowledge, innovation and commercialization them, respect to open innovation and moderating environmental dynamism, can be consider to co-development. So, this paper based on previous studies and focusing on knowledge-intensive organization, to analysis of relationship open innovation on co-development with moderating role of environmental dynamism has been performed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance with Role of Innovation Mediator and Learning Culture
Vahid Dalvand Reza Sepahvand Amir Houshang Nazaripour

10.52547/jstpi.20925.18.69.34

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.18.69.8.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on competitive advantage and organizational performance with the mediating role of innovation and learning culture among faculty members of Lorestan University. This research is descriptive More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on competitive advantage and organizational performance with the mediating role of innovation and learning culture among faculty members of Lorestan University. This research is descriptive in nature, with the exception of causal research, as well as a field research that is applied in the field of purpose. The statistical population of the study is 286 faculty members of Lorestan University. The random sampling method is proportional to the sample size and sample size according to the Morgan table and the number of 162 people. The data collection tool in this study is a standard questionnaire. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using Lisrel software and SPSS software. The innovation of this research is to measure the variables in the academic field. Research results indicate that ??intellectual capital on competitive advantage; intellectual capital on organizational performance; intellectual capital on innovation; intellectual capital on culture; innovation on competitive advantage; innovation on organizational performance; learning culture on competitive advantage; learning culture on organizational performance Intellectual Capital through Innovation on Competitive Advantage; Intellectual Capital through Innovation on Organizational Performance; Intellectual Capital through Learning Culture on Competitive Advantage; Intellectual Capital through the Learning Culture has a direct impact on organizational performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Investigating the Barriers to e-Commerce using Interpretive Structural Modeling
Hooman Shababi Maryam Ghiasabadi Farahani peyman ghafari Ashtiani

10.52547/jstpi.20959.18.69.64

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.18.69.2.7

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied More

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to e-commerce along with the use of interpretive structural modeling in Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. The present study seeks to provide a theoretical model, but at the macro level, it is an applied research in terms of descriptive-survey method. The research statistical population is 12 experts of Nik Andisheh Baspar Auto Parts Company. Due to the limited number, the census method was used and research questionnaires were provided to all experts and managers of the company. In this study, first, a wide range of barriers to e-commerce were identified qualitatively through an in-depth review of the background. Then, by surveying 12 experts through structural-interpretive modeling method, the obstacles related to the study area for leveling and the relevant structural-interpretive model were identified using MATLAB software. Then, using pairwise comparisons, DEMATEL and ISM techniques have been used to determine the causal relationships between variables and their levels. The results indicate that the component of technological infrastructure and technology is at the highest level, which was recognized as the most effective component in this research, and at the lowest level, the component of technical infrastructure is the most effective component of this research, and This result seems to be logical in our country as well. In countries like Iran, which are moving towards industrialization, it may be a little difficult to use the latest technologies in the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Investigating and Explaining the Key Factors of IT Effectiveness in the Organization with Shannon Extra-Combination-Entropy Approach
Farshid Farokhizadeh Abbas Ali Rastgar

10.52547/jstpi.20972.18.69.55

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.18.69.6.1

Today, the adoption of new information technology is one of the challenges in public sector organizations, which is less considered. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the acceptance of information technology in public sector organiz More

Today, the adoption of new information technology is one of the challenges in public sector organizations, which is less considered. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the acceptance of information technology in public sector organizations during the Corona virus epidemic in order to provide better services and products without face-to-face referral to the clients / customers. In this resech, which is based on a combined approach, we use the existing information and documents as data. The statistical population of the study is 10 governmental organizations located in Alborz province.. In this article, in addition to introducing the proposed models for information technology acceptance and their classification, the effective factors in accepting new information technology in the studied government organizations to provide better services and products with the combined approach of transnational and Shannon entropy have been studied and identified. In this paper to determine these factors after identifying and introducing the types of existing models; Concepts, dimensions and indicators of the research have been extracted using the meta-combination method and ranked using the Shannon entropy method. The research results indicate that cooperation and coordination, environmental factors in technology acceptance, organizational factors, managerial factors, and human capital factors are in the first to fifth places respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Designing and Developing a Team-based Organization Model with an Organizational Innovation Approach (Case Study of Growth Centers and Science and Technology Parks in Khorasan Razavi)
maryam dehnavi Mahmoud , Ghorbani Mohammad Karimi Ahmad zendedel

10.61186/jstpi.21048.19.74.25

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.74.1.7

Due to the changes that have taken place inside and outside organizations today, the organization needs to be more innovative, flexible and dynamic. Team building, by combining different realities and perspectives to create new capabilities, leads to innovation in organ More

Due to the changes that have taken place inside and outside organizations today, the organization needs to be more innovative, flexible and dynamic. Team building, by combining different realities and perspectives to create new capabilities, leads to innovation in organizations. The present study aims to investigate and develop a team-based organization model with an organizational innovation approach. This research is exploratory In terms of purpose. Also, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research method is used. Moreover, data collection tools are questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population was all employees of incubators and science and technology parks in Razavi Khorasan, that 108 employees were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software to validate the model. Performing the necessary calculations in the software while confirming the relationships between the latent variables in the structural model indicates that CFI value for the first-order measurement model of innovation and team-based organization Also, the second-order factor analysis model is equal to 0.903, 0.901 and 0.908, respectively. Given that it is more than 0.9, we can say that the data is very well fitted. According to the research findings, it can be conducted that focusing on variables of team-oriented organization can increase the organizational innovation of employees. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The role of big data management in improving the decision-making of banking organizations (Case study of Sepah Bank)
Yaser Ghasemi Nezhad peyman hajizadeh Hamed Kordi

10.52547/jstpi.27782.18.72.34

20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.72.3.8

In recent years, the size of data in the world has increased dramatically several times. Banks also generate large amounts of data in their processes and sometimes spend exorbitant costs to collect and maintain it. Some banking industry experts estimate a sevenfold incr More

In recent years, the size of data in the world has increased dramatically several times. Banks also generate large amounts of data in their processes and sometimes spend exorbitant costs to collect and maintain it. Some banking industry experts estimate a sevenfold increase in existing data by 2020. Today, big data technology is considered as a solution to exploit and use this volume of information. However, reviewing and processing big data as well as examining the effectiveness of its use in the field of banking is considered as a challenge. Therefore, in this study, the role of big data management in improving the decision-making of banking organizations (Case study of Sepah Bank) was investigated. For this purpose, the statistical population of this study includes 130 experts from all departments of the information technology department of Sepah Bank, which was not sampled due to the limited statistical population. The standard 20-item big data management questionnaire, the 22-item decision-making empowerment questionnaire and the 10-item decision-making quality questionnaire based on Shamim et al.'s (2019) research were the basis of research after localization. Descriptive and inferential results of research data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and PLS software. The results showed that organizational culture with a coefficient of 0.446 has the most positive and significant relationship with empowerment. Empowerment also has a positive and significant relationship with a coefficient of 0.645 with decision effectiveness and a coefficient of 0.884 with decision efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Influence of competition intensity on the performance components of the organization in the metal industry
Javad Naseri Mostafa Mobalighi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition intensity on the performance components of the organization (investment and financial dimension, customer, internal process and learning) in the metal industry. The research method is descriptive-sur More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition intensity on the performance components of the organization (investment and financial dimension, customer, internal process and learning) in the metal industry. The research method is descriptive-survey and is applied in terms of purpose. From 230 senior managers in the field of metal industry in East Azerbaijan province, using Cochran's formula, a sample of 144 people was randomly taken from this community. The research tool was a questionnaire and in order to check the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, in content validity by asking experts and in assessing the validity of the structure, factor analysis of research variables was used. Cronback alpha for all questionnaire questions was 0.902, which confirms the high reliability of the questionnaire. Kolmogorovw-Smirnov test was used to distribute the data and the results showed that all factors in the sample followed the normal distribution. To analyze the hypotheses, regression test was used and SPSS software was used to analyze and process the research data. According to the research findings, the intensity of competition affects the financial dimension, customer dimension, internal processes dimension and the organization's learning processes dimension. The results of regression tables showed that the intensity of competition has the greatest impact on the customer dimension of the organization. Manuscript profile

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